Reinforced Concrete: the whole path

1
Tools & MakingI
Stone Tools
The first cutting edge
3.3 Mya
2
Fire & ShelterI
Control of Fire
Light, heat and cooked food
1 Mya
3
Fire & ShelterI
Rope & Cordage
Twisted fibres that hold the world
50,000 years ago
4
Materials & ChemistryII
Pottery
Clay turned to stone by fire
18,000 years ago
needs 2
5
Building & CitiesII
Lime and lime mortar
Burnt stone that turns back to stone
10,000 years ago
needs 1, 2
6
Building & CitiesII
Bricks
Standard blocks of earth
c. 7,500 BCE
7
Materials & ChemistryII
Charcoal
Wood cooked slowly under earth
c. 4,500 BCE
needs 1, 2
8
Materials & ChemistryIII
Bronze
Copper and tin, harder together
c. 3,300 BCE
needs 2, 4, 7
9
Time & MeasurementIII
Measures and standards
The cubit, the balance and the metre
c. 3,000 BCE
needs 1, 3, 4
10
Materials & ChemistryIII
Iron Smelting
Wider adoption around 1200 BCE; ore, charcoal and a bloomery
c. 1,200 BCE
needs 7, 8
11
Materials & ChemistryIII
Steel
Iron with just enough carbon
c. 1,000 BCE
needs 7, 10
12
Building & CitiesIII
Roman Concrete
Lime, volcanic ash and rubble
c. 200 BCE
needs 2, 5, 6
13
Building & CitiesIV
Portland Cement
The binder that hardens under water
1824
needs 5, 9, 12
14
Building & CitiesV
Reinforced Concrete
Steel for tension, concrete for compression
c. 1848
Goal · needs 11, 13